The History and Use of Pipelining Computer Architecture

You can search on your own and select recent research related to the theory of computation from one of the published conferences and journals such as ACM. IEEE, Citeseer, Google Scholar, the theory of computing open access journal (https://theoryofcomputing.org/)…. Sections needed: • Abstract • Introduction: Why the topic is interesting • Description of the idea/algorithms/methods/techniques • Comparison/Analysis and evaluations • Conclusion: Summary of Comparison and • References: at least 5 sources The papers need to be written using the APA style.[supanova_question]

The History and Use of Pipelining Computer Architecture

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Writing Assignment Help Extinction is a procedure that allows us to decrease or completely remove behaviors by withholding the reinforcer that previously maintained that behavior. This procedure can be extremely effective; however, it is important to consider the potential side effects before deciding if this is the right approach.
Consider a time where one of your behaviors was placed on extinction by someone else. How did encountering extinction feel and did you engage in, or have, any of the side effects?

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Why is it Necessary to Legalize Safe Abortion in Society? Karisma Rapp

Why is it Necessary to Legalize Safe Abortion in Society?

Karisma Rapp

University Of Arizona Global Campus

PHI208

Professor O’Leary

July 12, 2021

Why is it Necessary to Legalize Safe Abortion in Society?

Abortion involves a medical procedure that terminates the embryo, thus ending the pregnancy. Abortion is a hot debate, and as such, it is almost impossible to reach a consensus on whether it is morally wrong or morally right. Whether you support or oppose abortion, from a medical point of view, abortion should be considered a basic healthcare need for many girls and women who gets pregnant but are unwilling to keep the pregnancy for whatever reason. Statistically, it has been proven that throughout the world, out of four pregnancies, one ends in an abortion annually (Chavkin et al., 2018). Though abortion is a basic need and very common, access to legal and safe abortion services is very limited. Globally, access to safe abortion services has always been subjected to endless debates clouded with misinformation about the dangers of abortion and the need to restrict access to it. However, abortions have been conducted globally, whether it is considered legal or not. Therefore, restricting people from having abortions does not stop them from having abortions as they still access abortion services, albeit unsafe abortion. In fact, research has shown that abortion is high in countries that already banned abortion compared to countries that have regularized abortion. Unfortunately, in countries where abortion is highly restricted, people result to clandestine services, which in most cases are unsafe abortions (Espey, Dennis & Landy, 2019). In other words, criminalizing abortion does not girls and women from doing it but rather makes it less safe. Therefore, restricting or banning abortion does not lower the rate of abortions because people will need abortion services. The problem is that most of these abortions are unsafe because unprofessional individuals carry them, given that qualified personnel risking losing their careers or getting their licenses revoked. Given these outcomes, it better to legalize abortion based on principles rather than restricting it based on moral reasons to allow people access to safe abortions.

Explanation of ethical theory of utilitarianism

The ethical theory utilitarianism is a theory that focuses on morality. The theory emphasizes actions that contribute to pleasure or happiness and opposes actions that cause harm or unhappiness. A utilitarian philosopher when directed to make political, social, or economic decisions, he or she makes a decision that is in the best interest of society as a whole. Unitarianism considers actions to be right if it makes many people in a group or society happy. Traditionally, utilitarianism is an ethical philosophy associated with John Stuart Mill and Jeremy Bentham, who were British philosophers, political, and economist thinkers of the late 18th to 19th centuries (Barrow, 2015). As noted, utilitarianism holds the view that right actions promote happiness while wrong actions produce sadness. Happiness should be felt by everyone and not just by the actor. For example, in a workplace environment, management displays utilitarianism when their actions promote a positive conducive environment for employees and not for themselves first. Utilitarianism applies in various fields, including political economy, business and commerce, and in the corporate workplace (Hayry, 2013). Although Utilitarianism focuses on the common good of the people in a group or society, it is important to note that there are a group of people disadvantaged by utilitarian-based action or policy. Another limitation of utilitarianism is that it is very difficult to achieve utilitarian ethics in a workplace. These ethics are also a challenge to maintaining of vibrant business culture. In the modern world, a capitalistic economy teaches business people to amass wealth at the expense of the rest of society. In the same breath, monopolistic competition tends to allow one business to succeed at the expense of other businesses.

Application of ethical theory of utilitarianism

Utilitarianism often leads to particular conclusions. This is because it primarily works with the majority and overlooks the minority regardless of the disadvantaged group’s ramifications. It aims at achieving the greatest of good over harm by calculating the consequences of the latter. For example, if the CIA is alerted of a possible terrorist attack in one of the major US cities, and manages to capture one of the suspect, is morally right to torture the suspect into revealing where the attack will take place. In other words, can the dignity and the life of one person be violated to protect the life of the many? Obviously, the answer is yes, and this is the moral reasoning of utilitarianism. The moral principle of utilitarianism holds actions to be morally right if they results in the greatest balance of advantages over disadvantages for everyone affected. In essence, as long as the actions produce the greatest benefits to the general public, utilitarianism is less interested whether the approach has been achieved through manipulation, lies, or coercion. In the case of abortion, utilitarianism would argue that as long as being accepted by many in society, then the action is morally right. Following this line of reasoning, it means many girls and women are happy when they are allowed to abort and sad when they are restricted from aborting. The essence is that most young girls and women feel satisfied with the action. As such, regardless of few members of society are against it for whatever reasons, abortion should be considered the right to do. I think, based on the utilitarian view, it is the right of women and girls to decide whether they want to keep the pregnancy or abort it. After all, it is their body, and as such, they should have the final say.

References

Barrow, R. (2015). Utilitarianism: A contemporary statement. Routledge.

Chavkin, W., Stifani, B. M., Bridgman?Packer, D., Greenberg, J. M., & Favier, M. (2018). Implementing and expanding safe abortion care: An international comparative case study of six countries. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 143, 3-11.

Espey, E., Dennis, A., & Landy, U. (2019). The importance of access to comprehensive reproductive health care, including abortion: a statement from women’s health professional organizations. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 220(1), 67-70.

Hayry, M. (2013). Liberal utilitarianism and applied ethics. Routledge.[supanova_question]

Assignment 3 Pulmonary and Renal Systems Ms. MC is a 59 yo

Assignment 3 Pulmonary and Renal Systems

Ms. MC is a 59 yo woman with long history of smoking 1 – 1.5 packs/day (20+ years) but is no longer smoking. She notices that she fatigues quickly, is often short of breath, coughs frequently and has ankle swelling. She has trouble sleeping but noted some improvement with extra pillows. You note an increase in anteroposterior chest diameter, prolonged expiratory phase with wheezing. She also has cyanosis of nailbeds with moderate pitting edema bilaterally. Lab tests reveal Hgb is high normal, PaO2 is low at 48 mmHg, O2 saturation is at 80%, PCO2 is significantly elevated (70 mmHg) and HCO3- is also elevated above normal (35 mEq/L). Your diagnosis is a combination of chronic bronchitis and emphysema (COPD). Pulmonary function tests revealed a decrease in Vital Capacity and Expiratory Flow Rate combined with an increase in both Residual Capacity and Functional Residual Capacity. These types of tests could also reveal other conditions, such as asthma, as well as guide treatment to prevent significant attacks.

1. What changes occurred in her airways that led to obstruction and increased airway resistance? (Hint: View it in two parts: 1) the airway changes and 2) the alveolar tissue changes relating to elasticity and compliance). (Pulmonary System MO2,3,5,7,8,23,26)

2. How does an increased PaCO2, respiratory acidosis, alter the delivery of oxygen to the tissues? (Pulmonary System MO2,5,9,11,12,16)

3. What is a V/Q ratio and how has it changed in Ms. MC’s case? (Pulmonary System MO5,6,9,10)

4. Why does she have ankle edema? (Hint: there is increased hydrostatic pressure on the venous side of the capillaries leading to an increase in fluid moving into the tissues. What role does the lung play in development of that increased hydrostatic pressure in terms of alveolocapillary membrane/lung changes. What is the effect on oxygen diffusion from the alveolus, on pulmonary artery pressure and resultant changes to the right side of the heart)? (Pulmonary System MO9,13,14,18,25,30)

Five years after being treated for hypercortisolism by you, Ms. J.S. returns with complaint of weight gain (she had lost weight after last visit led to removal of an anterior pituitary tumor that was promoting excessive ACTH release). Her blood pressure had improved as after the 5 year ago visit, but has been rising over the past three years. Stress at work has been worse and her diet suffered as a result. Current blood pressure is 175/110 and you note an abdominal bruit upon examination. This leads you to check plasma renin levels, which came back 10ng/mL per hr (normal is 0.9-3.3ng/mL per hr). A differential renal vein renin test was ordered and showed a difference of 1.6 (normal is 1). *NB The renal vein renin test is no longer used as less expensive and less invasive tests, such as duplex ultrasonography and computed tomographic angiography are now available. I am using this test in this context as a thought provoking, though now outdated, exercise. The test results were consistent with renal artery stenosis, which an arteriogram confirmed was 85% blocked. An angioplasty is scheduled and her blood pressure is expected to return to normal after the procedure.

5. The turbulent blood flow through the renal artery, narrowed due to atherosclerosis, led to the sound detected upon examination. Why did the differential renal vein renin test show an increase in the blocked renal artery side secretion of renin, yet a drop in renin levels on the other (normal) side? (Renal MO3,4,26)

6. What actions (list 4) of renin lead to increased blood pressure? (Endocrine MO1-4; Cardiovascular MO13; Renal MO6)

7. What medications are available to treat someone who had a genetic predisposition to higher than average renin production (or incomplete/unsuccessful repair of the renal artery stenosis), and thus prevent the adverse effects of high blood pressure? Describe why you feel this is an appropriate treatment (i.e. focusing treatment on the derangement as closely as possible). (Endocrine MO1-4; Cardiovascular MO13; Renal MO6)[supanova_question]