Milestone 2 Milestone 3 Literature Review David Boardman CJ 790 11/07/2021 Possible

Milestone 2 Milestone 3 Literature Review David Boardman CJ 790 11/07/2021 Possible

Milestone 2

Milestone 3

Literature Review

David Boardman

CJ 790

11/07/2021

Possible solutions

Addressing the problem of drug overdose/abuse issues within the city of Chicago can be tackled by undertaking various approaches. One of the proposed solutions to the problem is screening intending to identify vulnerable targets of drugs and undertake preventive measures. Notably, there is a group of individuals in society who are prone to drug abuse safe prescribing based on their social or economic status. One of the internal factors identified as the cause of the problem relates to the demographic characteristics of Chicago city. Therefore, the proposed solutions seek to identify the group and undertake education and other measures to reduce the likelihood of drug abuse/overdose.

The second proposed solution is safe prescribing. Excessive prescription of drugs by physicians such as opioids is one of the root causes of the problem in Chicago city. The physicians prescribing the drugs are often misled by information from the manufacturing company about the effects of opioids, thus fuelling the problem of drug abuse. Therefore, the proposed solution seeks to address the drug abuse/overdose problems from the inputs of prescriptions by physicians.

The third proposed solution is enhanced national and international cooperation to reduce drug trafficking. The availability of drugs in Chicago city is due to the trafficking that occurs through the Mexican border. The Mexican cartels find it easy to smuggle drugs to the U.S shipping through Chicago. Therefore, there is a need to ensure the shipments carrying drugs are nabbed while trying to sneak the drugs into the region.

Methodology

The search methodology is critical in enabling a person to efficiently and effectively find the information that answers the research question. The method applied in this research was to identify various sources of credible information relevant to the research. In particular, I used various databases such as Google Scholar and the university library to locate relevant articles to the research. The search involved the use of keywords such as “drug overdose/abuse control methods,” “criminology theories used in controlling drug trafficking,” and “controlling drug trafficking.”

The search was narrowed down to capture recently published articles based on updated data. The research reviewed encompasses research articles that focus on exploring issues concerning the target groups and methods of safe prescription that address the problem of overdose among individuals. The empirical articles also provided various theories involved in addressing the research question. The other categories of the article relate to government publication that focuses on the current problem concerning trafficking and additional elements that could boost the war against drug abuse/overdose menace.

Summary of the main findings

Screening and undertaking preventive measures to identified groups

The screening and undertaking of preventive measures is an approach that involves addressing broad factors that contribute to opioid-related substance use disorder (ORSUD). The approach targets the entire population, community, neighborhood, or school. According to Okon (2019), early intervention is a critical element that ensures target people are identified and appropriate approaches are taken to address the drug problem. Early intervention screening can target certain populations at risk of drug misuse or abuse in society. Early intervention is an approach that should be provided to both adults and adolescents showing the signs of substance misuse or abuse. Various evidence-based methods focusing on treating and preventing opiate misuse and addiction are more effective in the reduction of mortality, morbidity, and demand linked to addictive markets compared to undertaking aggressive and punitive measures such as interdiction, criminalization, and incarceration of people affected by drugs (Salmond & Allread, 2019). Social disorganization theory is one of the criminology theories that can explain the importance of focusing on incorporating non-punitive measures when handling the sensitive issue of drug abuse and misuse in society. The theory argues that crime is likely to thrive in communities with a breakdown of social and opportunities (Chang & Compton, 2017). The basis of the theory makes the law enforcement officers apply aggressive policing strategies as they presume crime to be high in volatile or crime-prone areas. However, the approach could be punitive in addressing drug abuse since people affected by the menace require medical intervention but not harsh policing strategies (Kubrin & Mioduszewski, 2019). Although screening should be done in areas perceived to have certain social and economic characteristics, it is important to emphasize the safety of drug addicts as they are not criminals but individuals who need medical assistance.

Effective intervention to the problem of drug abuse begins when the target populations are identified and subjected to a treatment program. The concept of primary prevention is based on confronting stigma relating to drug addiction and medications. Stigma hinders and limits individuals with the problem of misusing opioids from seeking effective services. One of the effective approaches to addressing the problem associated with drug addiction is educating the community that the problem is a medical illness but not a moral weakness. The easy access to medication-assisted treatment (MAT) services combined with counseling is an important resource available to the community (Afkhami & Fatollahi, 2020). Harm reduction programs are one of the preventive measures and treatments for people having addiction problems. Educating the community about the critical role of harm reduction is critically enabling them to develop resources required to increase the number of health users for both who are afraid to undertake treatment or those who are not ready. There is somewhat resistance to harm-reduction programs as such programs are seen as factors that increase drug use. The recruitment of people to participate should be based on high-risk subgroup characteristics. For instance, the target should focus on children of substance abuse parents and youths living in highly impoverished or high crime neighborhoods.

Safe Prescription

In response to the public health pandemic occasioned by the overuse of prescription drugs in the U.S, various policies have been established to address the problem. However, some of the policies prevent patients from accessing opioids. The difficulty of accessing opioids increases the demand for illegal narcotics such as manufactured fentanyl, heroin, and other hard drugs (Pardo, 2017). Therefore, there is a need to streamline physicians’ prescription of the drugs to ensure the menace of drug overdose and abuse is arrested. The increased overdose deaths in the U.S caused by opioids pain relievers (ORL) have prompted many states to adopt the Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PMP) (Salmond & Allread, 2019).

In reducing the supply of opioids vulnerable to misuse, abuse, and mitigation of risk of opioid use, safe prescribing is one of the measures that can address the problem. Education to the physicians and clinicians is a critical milestone in addressing drug abuse and misuse in the U.S. Alternative policies such as safe injection sites have been identified as effective in states like Philadelphia (Hulme, Bright, & Nielsen, 2018). The exposure to opioids should be limited and be warranted for minor surgical procedures where the non-opioid modalities can offer post-effective post-surgical analgesia. Patients with existing psychiatric comorbidities or whose families highly depend on opioids can gain from the opioid-sparing analgesic strategies. The clinician prescribing opioids should strictly adhere to the CDC guidelines when prescribing drugs of such nature (Pardo, 2017). The clinicians should consider offering an alternative to opioids when the patients requiring opioids visit their hospital facilities.

The Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs (PDMPs) is another strategy that can be applied in ensuring safe prescribing of the drugs. The issue of the regulations limiting the availability of opioids in the market is a matter that has elicited mixed impacts in the U.S. The strength of PDMPs in regulating the prescription of the drugs had a negative association with deaths emanating from an overdose of opioids (Pardo, 2017). The individuals who use opioids are likely to look for alternatives if the drugs are lacking in the market. However, the regulations monitoring prescription drugs have somewhat positive impacts in reducing deaths emanating from an overdose of opioids. PDMPs are particularly important in detecting the diversion and abuse of pharmaceuticals controlled dangerous substances (CDSs). The focus of the program is at retail levels, where the prescribed medications are sold. As of June 2018, all states except Missouri had adopted the programs of monitoring the sales of CDSs (Salmond & Allread, 2019). Additionally, the states with more robust prescription drug monitoring programs tend to have fewer deaths from overdose of CDSs.

National and International Cooperation of government agencies to curb drug trafficking

The intervention on collaboration at national and international levels is based on several factors. According to Stippel & Serrano-Moreno (2020), over fifty agencies within the U.S involved in counternarcotic efforts. The coordination and administration of the different groups and departments is a difficult task. The U.S agencies handling drug trafficking face various problems such as interagency rivalries, competing priorities, inadequate staffing, and lack of operational coordination. Rosen (2020) argues that the harmonization of the drug-fighting agencies in the U.S is a critical milestone in managing the drug problem within the country’s border. The coordination issue can be observed in the continuing rise of cocaine movements to the U.S through Central America. The U.S has a long history of interdicting, seizing, and disrupting the shipments between U.S markets and South American source zones. The lack of effective control of drug shipments emanates from poor coordination fighting drug abuse.

Bilateral and multilateral cooperation is another measure that controls trafficking into the country. Notably, Mexico has been the hub of manufacturing and trafficking drugs into the U.S. Therefore; international cooperation is critical in handling the situation. However, the foreign intervention draws different opinions from various scholars. For instance, the “war on drugs” in Bolivian is a factor that weakened the country’s institutions. The weakening of the institutions led to the emergence of social movements that championed for growth of coca leaves in rural areas (Stippel & Serrano-Moreno, 2020). However, cooperation between the U.S and Mexico could be productive in managing the problem of drug trafficking. Recently, the two countries have collaborated in sharing intelligence, capacity building for dealing with drug cartels, and military support where necessary. The bilateral cooperation between the two countries in counternarcotics is one of the measures taken to fight against drug manufacturing and traffic into the U.S.

Conclusion

Drug overdose, abuse, and trafficking is public health matter that continues to cause health problems and deaths. The most notable issue associated with drugs is prescribed drugs that turn to be a serious problem in the future. After discussing various measures that can be taken to address drug abuse and trafficking in the city of Chicago, screening and primary prevention can be the most preferred in the whole affair. The various characteristics of Chicago warrant the use of this approach. For instance, the high number of Mexican immigrants and gangs that control operations target people who can be induced into primary prevention methods. The engagement of different community members in various areas such as schools can be critical as they can understand the importance of abstaining from drugs. When people understand the importance of accessing medical intervention for those affected and avoiding drugs for those who are not affected, it reduces the demand for drugs rather than punitive measures.

References

Afkhami, A. A., & Fatollahi, J. (2020). Coping With Addictive Opioid Markets. Global Mental Health Ethics, 193-205. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-66296-7_12

Chang, Y.-P., & Compton, P. (2017). Opioid Misuse/Abuse and Quality Persistent Pain Management in Older Adults. 42(12). doi:https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20161110-06

Hulme, S., Bright, D., & Nielsen, S. (2018). The source and diversion of pharmaceutical drugs for non-medical use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 186, 242-256. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.02.010

Kubrin, C. E., & Mioduszewski, M. (2019). Social Disorganization Theory: Past, Present, and Future. Handbook on Crime and Deviance, 197-211. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20779-3_11

Magliocca, N. R., McSweeney, K., Sesnie, S., Tellman, E., Devine, J., Nielsen, E., . . . Wrathall, D. (2019). Modeling cocaine traffickers and counterdrug interdiction forces as a complex adaptive system. 116(16), 7784-7792. doi:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1812459116

Okon, I. (2019). U.S. Opioid Epidemic: Challenges and Opportunities for Evidence-based Policies. Retrieved from https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/iph_capstone/113/

Pardo, B. (2017). Do more robust prescription drug monitoring programs reduce prescription opioid overdose? Addiction , 112(10), 1773-1783. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13741

Rosen, J. D. (2020). Addiction, Fentanyl, and the Border. The U.S. War on Drugs at Home and Abroad, 75-95. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-71734-6_4

Salmond, S., & Allread, V. (2019). A Population Health Approach to America’s Opioid Epidemic. 38(2), 95–108. doi:10.1097/NOR.0000000000000521

Stippel, J. A., & Serrano-Moreno, J. (2020). The coca diplomacy as the end of the war on drugs. The impact of international cooperation on the crime policy of the Plurinational State of Bolivia. Crime, Law and Social Change, 74, 361–380. doi:10.1007/s10611-020-09891-5[supanova_question]

Assignment 2 MGT101 (1st Term 2021-2022) Case Study Deadline: 20/11/2021 @ 23:59

Assignment 2 MGT101 (1st Term 2021-2022)

Case Study

Deadline: 20/11/2021 @ 23:59

Course Name: Principles of Management

Student’s Name:

Course Code: MGT101

Student’s ID Number:

Semester: 1st

CRN:

Academic Year: 1442/1443 H, 1st Term

For Instructor’s Use only

Instructor’s Name:

Students’ Grade: /5

Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low

Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY

This assignment is an individual assignment.

Due date for Assignment 2 is by the end of Week 11.(20/11/2020)

The Assignment must be submitted only in WORD format via allocated folder.

Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.

Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.

Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.

Late submission will NOT be accepted.

Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.

All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism).

Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.

Assignment Purposes/Learning Outcomes:

After completion of Assignment-2 students will able to understand the

1. Examine management issues and practices in motivation; organizational culture, structure, and behavior; team dynamics; and communication.

2. Relate motivational theories to motivating and demotivating factors.
3. Know and discuss manager’s role in motivating employees.

Assignment-2

Case Study

In September 2018, Mohammed Salim joined KAAF Software Solutions (KAFF) as a Senior Programmer, with a handsome pay. Prior to this job, he worked successfully as an Assistant Programmer in Gant Computers (Gant). Salim felt that working for KAFF, there are better career prospects, as it was growing much faster than Gant, which was a relatively small company.

Although Salim had enjoyed working there (at Gant), he realized that to grow further in his field, he would have to join a bigger company, and preferable one that handled international projects. He was sure he would excel in his position at KAFF, just as he had done in his old job at Gant.

KAFF had international operations and there was more than a slim chance that he would be sent to USA or the UK on a project. Knowing that this would give him a lot of exposure, besides looking good on his resume, Salim was quite excited about his new job.

Salim joined Mrs. Zeenat’s five-member team at KAFF. He had met Mrs. Zeenat during the orientation sessions, and was looking forward to working under her. His team members seemed warm and friendly, and comfortable with their work. He introduced himself to the team members and got to know more about each of them.

Wanting to know more about his boss, he casually asked one of the team members, about Mrs Zeenat. He was told that Mrs. Zeenat does not interfere with our work. Salim was surprised to know this and thought that probably Mrs. Zeenat was leaving them alone to do their work without any guidance, in order to allow them to realize their full potential.

At Gant, Salim had worked under Abdulrahman and had looked up to him as a guide and mentor – always guiding, but never interfering. Abdulrahman had let Salim make his own mistakes and learn from them. He had always encouraged individual ideas, and let the team discover the flaws, if any, through discussion and experience. He rarely held an individual member of his team responsible if the team as a whole failed to deliver – for him the responsibility for any failure was collective. Salim remembered telling his colleagues at Gant that the ideal boss would be someone who did not interfere with his/her subordinate’s work. Salim wanted to believe that Mrs. Zeenat too was the non-interfering type. If that was the case, surely her non-interference would only help him to grow.

In his first week at work, Salim found the atmosphere at the office a bit dull. However, he was quite excited. His team had been assigned a new project and was facing a few glitches with the new software. He had thought about the problem till late in the night and had come up with several possible solutions. He could not wait to discuss them with his team and Mrs. Zeenat. He smiled to himself when he thought of how Mrs. Zeenat would react when he will tell her that he had come up with several possible solutions to the problem. He was sure she would be happy with his having put in so much effort into the project, right from day one.

He was daydreaming about all the praise that he was going to get when Mrs. Zeenat walked into the office. Salim waited for her to go into her cabin, and after five minutes, called her up, asking to see her. She asked him to come in after tem minutes. When he went in, she looked at him blankly and asked, “Yes?” Not sure whether she had recognized him, Salim introduced himself. She said, “Ok, but why did you want to meet me?” He started to tell her about the problems they were having with the software. But before he could even finish, she told him that she was busy with other things, and that she would send an email with the solution to all the members of the team by the end of the day, and that they could then implement it immediately. Salim was somewhat taken aback. However, ever the optimist, he thought that she had perhaps already discussed the matter with the team.

Salim came out of Mrs. Zeenat’s cabin and went straight to where his team members sat. He thought it would still be nice to bounce ideas off them and also to see what solutions others might come up with. He told them of all the solutions he had in mind. He waited for the others to come up with their suggestions but not one of them spoke up. He was surprised, and asked them point-blank why they were so disinterested.

Faisal, one of the team members, said, “What is the point in our discussing these things? Mrs. Zeenat is not going to have time to listen to us on discuss anything. She will just give us the solution she thinks is best, and we will just do what she tells us to do; why waste everyone’s time?”

Salim felt his heart sink. Was this the way things worked over here? However, he refused to lose heart and thought that maybe, he could change things a little. But as the days went by, Salim realized that Mrs. Zeenat was the complete opposite of his old boss.

While she was efficient at what she did and extremely intelligent, she had neither the time nor the inclination to groom her subordinates. Her solutions to problem were always correct, but she was not willing to discuss or debate the merits of any other ideas that her team might have. She did not hold the team down to their deadlines not did she ever interfere. In fact, she rarely said anything at all. If work did not get finished on time, she would just blame her team, and totally disassociate herself from them.

Time and again, Salim found himself thinking of Abdulrahman his old boss, and of how he had been such a positive influence. Mrs. Zeenat, on the other hand, even without actively doing anything, had managed to significantly lower his motivation levels.

Salim gradually began to lose interest in his work – it had become too mechanical for his taste. He didn’t really need to think; his boss had all the answers. He was learning nothing new, and he felt his career was going nowhere. As he became more and more discouraged, his performance suffered. From being someone with immense promise and potential Salim was now in danger of becoming just another mediocre techie.

Questions:

Q1. What, according to you, were the reasons for Salim’s disillusionment? Answer the question using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. (2.5 marks)

Q2. What should Salim do to resolve his situation? (1.25 marks)

Q3. What should a team leader do, to ensure high levels of motivation among his/her team members? (1.25 Marks)

Page 1 of 4[supanova_question]

Assignment 2 MGT101 (1st Term 2021-2022) Case Study Deadline: 20/11/2021 @ 23:59

Writing Assignment Help Assignment 2 MGT101 (1st Term 2021-2022)

Case Study

Deadline: 20/11/2021 @ 23:59

Course Name: Principles of Management

Student’s Name:

Course Code: MGT101

Student’s ID Number:

Semester: 1st

CRN:

Academic Year: 1442/1443 H, 1st Term

For Instructor’s Use only

Instructor’s Name:

Students’ Grade: /5

Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low

Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY

This assignment is an individual assignment.

Due date for Assignment 2 is by the end of Week 11.(20/11/2020)

The Assignment must be submitted only in WORD format via allocated folder.

Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.

Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.

Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.

Late submission will NOT be accepted.

Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.

All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism).

Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.

Assignment Purposes/Learning Outcomes:

After completion of Assignment-2 students will able to understand the

1. Examine management issues and practices in motivation; organizational culture, structure, and behavior; team dynamics; and communication.

2. Relate motivational theories to motivating and demotivating factors.
3. Know and discuss manager’s role in motivating employees.

Assignment-2

Case Study

In September 2018, Mohammed Salim joined KAAF Software Solutions (KAFF) as a Senior Programmer, with a handsome pay. Prior to this job, he worked successfully as an Assistant Programmer in Gant Computers (Gant). Salim felt that working for KAFF, there are better career prospects, as it was growing much faster than Gant, which was a relatively small company.

Although Salim had enjoyed working there (at Gant), he realized that to grow further in his field, he would have to join a bigger company, and preferable one that handled international projects. He was sure he would excel in his position at KAFF, just as he had done in his old job at Gant.

KAFF had international operations and there was more than a slim chance that he would be sent to USA or the UK on a project. Knowing that this would give him a lot of exposure, besides looking good on his resume, Salim was quite excited about his new job.

Salim joined Mrs. Zeenat’s five-member team at KAFF. He had met Mrs. Zeenat during the orientation sessions, and was looking forward to working under her. His team members seemed warm and friendly, and comfortable with their work. He introduced himself to the team members and got to know more about each of them.

Wanting to know more about his boss, he casually asked one of the team members, about Mrs Zeenat. He was told that Mrs. Zeenat does not interfere with our work. Salim was surprised to know this and thought that probably Mrs. Zeenat was leaving them alone to do their work without any guidance, in order to allow them to realize their full potential.

At Gant, Salim had worked under Abdulrahman and had looked up to him as a guide and mentor – always guiding, but never interfering. Abdulrahman had let Salim make his own mistakes and learn from them. He had always encouraged individual ideas, and let the team discover the flaws, if any, through discussion and experience. He rarely held an individual member of his team responsible if the team as a whole failed to deliver – for him the responsibility for any failure was collective. Salim remembered telling his colleagues at Gant that the ideal boss would be someone who did not interfere with his/her subordinate’s work. Salim wanted to believe that Mrs. Zeenat too was the non-interfering type. If that was the case, surely her non-interference would only help him to grow.

In his first week at work, Salim found the atmosphere at the office a bit dull. However, he was quite excited. His team had been assigned a new project and was facing a few glitches with the new software. He had thought about the problem till late in the night and had come up with several possible solutions. He could not wait to discuss them with his team and Mrs. Zeenat. He smiled to himself when he thought of how Mrs. Zeenat would react when he will tell her that he had come up with several possible solutions to the problem. He was sure she would be happy with his having put in so much effort into the project, right from day one.

He was daydreaming about all the praise that he was going to get when Mrs. Zeenat walked into the office. Salim waited for her to go into her cabin, and after five minutes, called her up, asking to see her. She asked him to come in after tem minutes. When he went in, she looked at him blankly and asked, “Yes?” Not sure whether she had recognized him, Salim introduced himself. She said, “Ok, but why did you want to meet me?” He started to tell her about the problems they were having with the software. But before he could even finish, she told him that she was busy with other things, and that she would send an email with the solution to all the members of the team by the end of the day, and that they could then implement it immediately. Salim was somewhat taken aback. However, ever the optimist, he thought that she had perhaps already discussed the matter with the team.

Salim came out of Mrs. Zeenat’s cabin and went straight to where his team members sat. He thought it would still be nice to bounce ideas off them and also to see what solutions others might come up with. He told them of all the solutions he had in mind. He waited for the others to come up with their suggestions but not one of them spoke up. He was surprised, and asked them point-blank why they were so disinterested.

Faisal, one of the team members, said, “What is the point in our discussing these things? Mrs. Zeenat is not going to have time to listen to us on discuss anything. She will just give us the solution she thinks is best, and we will just do what she tells us to do; why waste everyone’s time?”

Salim felt his heart sink. Was this the way things worked over here? However, he refused to lose heart and thought that maybe, he could change things a little. But as the days went by, Salim realized that Mrs. Zeenat was the complete opposite of his old boss.

While she was efficient at what she did and extremely intelligent, she had neither the time nor the inclination to groom her subordinates. Her solutions to problem were always correct, but she was not willing to discuss or debate the merits of any other ideas that her team might have. She did not hold the team down to their deadlines not did she ever interfere. In fact, she rarely said anything at all. If work did not get finished on time, she would just blame her team, and totally disassociate herself from them.

Time and again, Salim found himself thinking of Abdulrahman his old boss, and of how he had been such a positive influence. Mrs. Zeenat, on the other hand, even without actively doing anything, had managed to significantly lower his motivation levels.

Salim gradually began to lose interest in his work – it had become too mechanical for his taste. He didn’t really need to think; his boss had all the answers. He was learning nothing new, and he felt his career was going nowhere. As he became more and more discouraged, his performance suffered. From being someone with immense promise and potential Salim was now in danger of becoming just another mediocre techie.

Questions:

Q1. What, according to you, were the reasons for Salim’s disillusionment? Answer the question using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. (2.5 marks)

Q2. What should Salim do to resolve his situation? (1.25 marks)

Q3. What should a team leader do, to ensure high levels of motivation among his/her team members? (1.25 Marks)

Page 1 of 4 [supanova_question]

Assignment 2 MGT101 (1st Term 2021-2022) Case Study Deadline: 20/11/2021 @ 23:59

Assignment 2 MGT101 (1st Term 2021-2022)

Case Study

Deadline: 20/11/2021 @ 23:59

Course Name: Principles of Management

Student’s Name:

Course Code: MGT101

Student’s ID Number:

Semester: 1st

CRN:

Academic Year: 1442/1443 H, 1st Term

For Instructor’s Use only

Instructor’s Name:

Students’ Grade: /5

Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low

Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY

This assignment is an individual assignment.

Due date for Assignment 2 is by the end of Week 11.(20/11/2020)

The Assignment must be submitted only in WORD format via allocated folder.

Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.

Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.

Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.

Late submission will NOT be accepted.

Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.

All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism).

Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.

Assignment Purposes/Learning Outcomes:

After completion of Assignment-2 students will able to understand the

1. Examine management issues and practices in motivation; organizational culture, structure, and behavior; team dynamics; and communication.

2. Relate motivational theories to motivating and demotivating factors.
3. Know and discuss manager’s role in motivating employees.

Assignment-2

Case Study

In September 2018, Mohammed Salim joined KAAF Software Solutions (KAFF) as a Senior Programmer, with a handsome pay. Prior to this job, he worked successfully as an Assistant Programmer in Gant Computers (Gant). Salim felt that working for KAFF, there are better career prospects, as it was growing much faster than Gant, which was a relatively small company.

Although Salim had enjoyed working there (at Gant), he realized that to grow further in his field, he would have to join a bigger company, and preferable one that handled international projects. He was sure he would excel in his position at KAFF, just as he had done in his old job at Gant.

KAFF had international operations and there was more than a slim chance that he would be sent to USA or the UK on a project. Knowing that this would give him a lot of exposure, besides looking good on his resume, Salim was quite excited about his new job.

Salim joined Mrs. Zeenat’s five-member team at KAFF. He had met Mrs. Zeenat during the orientation sessions, and was looking forward to working under her. His team members seemed warm and friendly, and comfortable with their work. He introduced himself to the team members and got to know more about each of them.

Wanting to know more about his boss, he casually asked one of the team members, about Mrs Zeenat. He was told that Mrs. Zeenat does not interfere with our work. Salim was surprised to know this and thought that probably Mrs. Zeenat was leaving them alone to do their work without any guidance, in order to allow them to realize their full potential.

At Gant, Salim had worked under Abdulrahman and had looked up to him as a guide and mentor – always guiding, but never interfering. Abdulrahman had let Salim make his own mistakes and learn from them. He had always encouraged individual ideas, and let the team discover the flaws, if any, through discussion and experience. He rarely held an individual member of his team responsible if the team as a whole failed to deliver – for him the responsibility for any failure was collective. Salim remembered telling his colleagues at Gant that the ideal boss would be someone who did not interfere with his/her subordinate’s work. Salim wanted to believe that Mrs. Zeenat too was the non-interfering type. If that was the case, surely her non-interference would only help him to grow.

In his first week at work, Salim found the atmosphere at the office a bit dull. However, he was quite excited. His team had been assigned a new project and was facing a few glitches with the new software. He had thought about the problem till late in the night and had come up with several possible solutions. He could not wait to discuss them with his team and Mrs. Zeenat. He smiled to himself when he thought of how Mrs. Zeenat would react when he will tell her that he had come up with several possible solutions to the problem. He was sure she would be happy with his having put in so much effort into the project, right from day one.

He was daydreaming about all the praise that he was going to get when Mrs. Zeenat walked into the office. Salim waited for her to go into her cabin, and after five minutes, called her up, asking to see her. She asked him to come in after tem minutes. When he went in, she looked at him blankly and asked, “Yes?” Not sure whether she had recognized him, Salim introduced himself. She said, “Ok, but why did you want to meet me?” He started to tell her about the problems they were having with the software. But before he could even finish, she told him that she was busy with other things, and that she would send an email with the solution to all the members of the team by the end of the day, and that they could then implement it immediately. Salim was somewhat taken aback. However, ever the optimist, he thought that she had perhaps already discussed the matter with the team.

Salim came out of Mrs. Zeenat’s cabin and went straight to where his team members sat. He thought it would still be nice to bounce ideas off them and also to see what solutions others might come up with. He told them of all the solutions he had in mind. He waited for the others to come up with their suggestions but not one of them spoke up. He was surprised, and asked them point-blank why they were so disinterested.

Faisal, one of the team members, said, “What is the point in our discussing these things? Mrs. Zeenat is not going to have time to listen to us on discuss anything. She will just give us the solution she thinks is best, and we will just do what she tells us to do; why waste everyone’s time?”

Salim felt his heart sink. Was this the way things worked over here? However, he refused to lose heart and thought that maybe, he could change things a little. But as the days went by, Salim realized that Mrs. Zeenat was the complete opposite of his old boss.

While she was efficient at what she did and extremely intelligent, she had neither the time nor the inclination to groom her subordinates. Her solutions to problem were always correct, but she was not willing to discuss or debate the merits of any other ideas that her team might have. She did not hold the team down to their deadlines not did she ever interfere. In fact, she rarely said anything at all. If work did not get finished on time, she would just blame her team, and totally disassociate herself from them.

Time and again, Salim found himself thinking of Abdulrahman his old boss, and of how he had been such a positive influence. Mrs. Zeenat, on the other hand, even without actively doing anything, had managed to significantly lower his motivation levels.

Salim gradually began to lose interest in his work – it had become too mechanical for his taste. He didn’t really need to think; his boss had all the answers. He was learning nothing new, and he felt his career was going nowhere. As he became more and more discouraged, his performance suffered. From being someone with immense promise and potential Salim was now in danger of becoming just another mediocre techie.

Questions:

Q1. What, according to you, were the reasons for Salim’s disillusionment? Answer the question using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. (2.5 marks)

Q2. What should Salim do to resolve his situation? (1.25 marks)

Q3. What should a team leader do, to ensure high levels of motivation among his/her team members? (1.25 Marks)

Page 1 of 4[supanova_question]

Assignment 2 MGT101 (1st Term 2021-2022) Case Study Deadline: 20/11/2021 @ 23:59

Assignment 2 MGT101 (1st Term 2021-2022)

Case Study

Deadline: 20/11/2021 @ 23:59

Course Name: Principles of Management

Student’s Name:

Course Code: MGT101

Student’s ID Number:

Semester: 1st

CRN:

Academic Year: 1442/1443 H, 1st Term

For Instructor’s Use only

Instructor’s Name:

Students’ Grade: /5

Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low

Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY

This assignment is an individual assignment.

Due date for Assignment 2 is by the end of Week 11.(20/11/2020)

The Assignment must be submitted only in WORD format via allocated folder.

Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.

Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.

Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.

Late submission will NOT be accepted.

Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.

All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism).

Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.

Assignment Purposes/Learning Outcomes:

After completion of Assignment-2 students will able to understand the

1. Examine management issues and practices in motivation; organizational culture, structure, and behavior; team dynamics; and communication.

2. Relate motivational theories to motivating and demotivating factors.
3. Know and discuss manager’s role in motivating employees.

Assignment-2

Case Study

In September 2018, Mohammed Salim joined KAAF Software Solutions (KAFF) as a Senior Programmer, with a handsome pay. Prior to this job, he worked successfully as an Assistant Programmer in Gant Computers (Gant). Salim felt that working for KAFF, there are better career prospects, as it was growing much faster than Gant, which was a relatively small company.

Although Salim had enjoyed working there (at Gant), he realized that to grow further in his field, he would have to join a bigger company, and preferable one that handled international projects. He was sure he would excel in his position at KAFF, just as he had done in his old job at Gant.

KAFF had international operations and there was more than a slim chance that he would be sent to USA or the UK on a project. Knowing that this would give him a lot of exposure, besides looking good on his resume, Salim was quite excited about his new job.

Salim joined Mrs. Zeenat’s five-member team at KAFF. He had met Mrs. Zeenat during the orientation sessions, and was looking forward to working under her. His team members seemed warm and friendly, and comfortable with their work. He introduced himself to the team members and got to know more about each of them.

Wanting to know more about his boss, he casually asked one of the team members, about Mrs Zeenat. He was told that Mrs. Zeenat does not interfere with our work. Salim was surprised to know this and thought that probably Mrs. Zeenat was leaving them alone to do their work without any guidance, in order to allow them to realize their full potential.

At Gant, Salim had worked under Abdulrahman and had looked up to him as a guide and mentor – always guiding, but never interfering. Abdulrahman had let Salim make his own mistakes and learn from them. He had always encouraged individual ideas, and let the team discover the flaws, if any, through discussion and experience. He rarely held an individual member of his team responsible if the team as a whole failed to deliver – for him the responsibility for any failure was collective. Salim remembered telling his colleagues at Gant that the ideal boss would be someone who did not interfere with his/her subordinate’s work. Salim wanted to believe that Mrs. Zeenat too was the non-interfering type. If that was the case, surely her non-interference would only help him to grow.

In his first week at work, Salim found the atmosphere at the office a bit dull. However, he was quite excited. His team had been assigned a new project and was facing a few glitches with the new software. He had thought about the problem till late in the night and had come up with several possible solutions. He could not wait to discuss them with his team and Mrs. Zeenat. He smiled to himself when he thought of how Mrs. Zeenat would react when he will tell her that he had come up with several possible solutions to the problem. He was sure she would be happy with his having put in so much effort into the project, right from day one.

He was daydreaming about all the praise that he was going to get when Mrs. Zeenat walked into the office. Salim waited for her to go into her cabin, and after five minutes, called her up, asking to see her. She asked him to come in after tem minutes. When he went in, she looked at him blankly and asked, “Yes?” Not sure whether she had recognized him, Salim introduced himself. She said, “Ok, but why did you want to meet me?” He started to tell her about the problems they were having with the software. But before he could even finish, she told him that she was busy with other things, and that she would send an email with the solution to all the members of the team by the end of the day, and that they could then implement it immediately. Salim was somewhat taken aback. However, ever the optimist, he thought that she had perhaps already discussed the matter with the team.

Salim came out of Mrs. Zeenat’s cabin and went straight to where his team members sat. He thought it would still be nice to bounce ideas off them and also to see what solutions others might come up with. He told them of all the solutions he had in mind. He waited for the others to come up with their suggestions but not one of them spoke up. He was surprised, and asked them point-blank why they were so disinterested.

Faisal, one of the team members, said, “What is the point in our discussing these things? Mrs. Zeenat is not going to have time to listen to us on discuss anything. She will just give us the solution she thinks is best, and we will just do what she tells us to do; why waste everyone’s time?”

Salim felt his heart sink. Was this the way things worked over here? However, he refused to lose heart and thought that maybe, he could change things a little. But as the days went by, Salim realized that Mrs. Zeenat was the complete opposite of his old boss.

While she was efficient at what she did and extremely intelligent, she had neither the time nor the inclination to groom her subordinates. Her solutions to problem were always correct, but she was not willing to discuss or debate the merits of any other ideas that her team might have. She did not hold the team down to their deadlines not did she ever interfere. In fact, she rarely said anything at all. If work did not get finished on time, she would just blame her team, and totally disassociate herself from them.

Time and again, Salim found himself thinking of Abdulrahman his old boss, and of how he had been such a positive influence. Mrs. Zeenat, on the other hand, even without actively doing anything, had managed to significantly lower his motivation levels.

Salim gradually began to lose interest in his work – it had become too mechanical for his taste. He didn’t really need to think; his boss had all the answers. He was learning nothing new, and he felt his career was going nowhere. As he became more and more discouraged, his performance suffered. From being someone with immense promise and potential Salim was now in danger of becoming just another mediocre techie.

Questions:

Q1. What, according to you, were the reasons for Salim’s disillusionment? Answer the question using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. (2.5 marks)

Q2. What should Salim do to resolve his situation? (1.25 marks)

Q3. What should a team leader do, to ensure high levels of motivation among his/her team members? (1.25 Marks)

Page 1 of 4[supanova_question]