College of Administrative and Financial Sciences Assignment 3 Deadline: 04/12/2021 @ 23:59

College of Administrative and Financial Sciences

Assignment 3

Deadline: 04/12/2021 @ 23:59

Course Name: Quality management

Student’s Name

Course Code: 424

Student’s ID Number:

Semester: First Semester 2021

CRN:

Academic Year: 1442/1443 H

For Instructor’s Use only

Instructor’s Name:

Students’ Grade: Marks Obtained/Out of 5

Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low

Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY

The Assignment must be submitted on Blackboard (WORD format only) via allocated folder.

Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.

Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.

Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.

Late submission will NOT be accepted.

Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.

All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism).

Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.

Assignment -3 should be submitted on or before the end of Week- 13 .

The Assignment`s learning Outcomes:

In the 3rd assignment, the students are required to read thoughtfully the Using Six Sigma DMAIC to improve the quality of the production process: case study , and answer the related questions, upon successful completion of the assignment the student should be able to:

Recognize the importance of quality management theory, principles, and practices applied in businesses on national and international levels.(CLO1)

Use quality improvement tools and practices for continuous improvement to achieve the organizational change and transformation ( CLO3)

Develop analytical skills of identifying pitfalls, or quality concerns through assimilated and strategic planning.(CLO4)

Instructions to access the case study:

Using Six Sigma DMAIC to improve the quality of The production process: a case study , Monika Smętkowska, Beata Mrugalska*Instructions to read the case study’

Access the below link to download directly the case study PDF:

https://www.sciencedirect.com/

Through SDL https://sdl.edu.sa/SDLPortal/ar/A-ZDataBases.aspx

Using Six Sigma DMAIC to improve the quality of the production process: a case study

This case study discusses the application of six sigma as one of the common tools to improve the quality and practice continues improvements. The paper is supported by practical example of the DMAIC implementation ( one of the Six sigma methods), which presents the efficiency of such practice on the processes quality level. Read the case, by using your critical thinking skills answer the following questions:

Using your own words, explain in brief the idea behind six-sigma concept, and how it does benefit the business? ( 1.5 Mark) ( 130 -150 words)

Describe the main stages of DMAIC as indicated in the case study. ( 1.5) ( 130 – 150 words)

From your point of view, which one of these stage is more critical, and Why? ( 1 Mark). ( 100 – 120 words)

Assess the application of DMAIC on the company ( production process) in term of its implementation and results efficiency ( 1 mark ) ( 100 – 120 words)

Answers:

……

…….

……[supanova_question]

1. Engagement—Remarriages and Stepfamilies Do you know anybody who grew up in

1. Engagement—Remarriages and Stepfamilies

Do you know anybody who grew up in a stepfamily?

Yes

The demography of American family life has changed considerably during the past five decades. Due to a variety of factors—including increasing divorce rates, a relatively high remarriage rate, and the increase of babies born to unwed mothers—stepfamilies have become more common. In 2010, the Pew Research Center conducted a survey among U.S. adults and found that more than 40 percent of American adults have at least one step-relative, such as a stepparent, stepchild, or step- and half-sibling. The survey also asked questions about their feelings of obligations, in terms of financial assistance and caregiving, to various people, including biological relatives, step-relatives, and friends. Please review the following graph and then answer the question.

A double bar graph titled Family obligations plots percent who feel very obligated versus four types of relations. Here, n equals 2,691 people.

The graph plots a total of 7 bins with a distribution of two under three categories and one in the last category. The data, represented by the bins, are as follows.

Parent versus stepparent: Biological, 85 percent; Step, 56 percent.

Grown child versus grown stepchild: Biological, 78 percent; Step, 2 percent.

Sibling versus step/ half sibling: Biological, 64 percent; Step, 42 percent.

Best friend: 39 percent.?

Source: Pew Research Center. 2011. “A Portrait of Stepfamilies.” Retrieved May 15, 2020 (https://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2011/01/13/a-portrait-of-stepfamilies/#step-relatives-and-family-obligation).

In your opinion, what is the most interesting fact that is presented in the graph?

The majority of people feel obligated to help their full sibling.

People feel more obligated to help a parent or stepparent than a step- or half-sibling.

The majority of Americans don’t feel obligated to help their best friend when needed.

Helping behavior appears to follow the degree of genetic relatedness.

Parents of adult children still feel obligated to help their child.

2. Defining and Measuring Stepfamilies

The definition of a stepfamily has changed over time to reflect changing social and demographic trends. In the following boxes, fill in the blanks to summarize the traditional and revised definitions of a stepfamily.

Traditional

1(remarriage or cohabitation)

1. Formed through (1)

2(Heterosexual or Heterosexual)

2. Parents are (2)

3(is or is not)

3. There (3) a biological relationship between one’s children and one’s romantic partner

Revised

1. Formed through first marriage, remarriage, or cohabitation

2(always Heterosexual, always Heterosexual or homo-or Heterosexual)

2. Parents are

3(is or is not)

3. There (3) a biological relationship between one’s romantic partner and one’s children

In modern family life, there are many different types of stepfamilies. In the following table, determine whether each statement about stepfamilies is true or false.

Statement

True or False

The number of stepfamilies with adult children is small and rapidly decreasing.

Error! Filename not specified.

Gay or lesbian couples who adopt a child together would be considered stepfamilies.

Error! Filename not specified.

Stepfamilies formed through remarriage are today more often a result of divorce than of widowhood.

Error! Filename not specified.

Cohabiting stepfamilies make up about 38% of all stepfamilies.

Error! Filename not specified.

You’ve probably heard of Hansel and Gretel, but have you ever thought about their story sociologically? Think about what you have learned about stepfamilies in a sociological context as you read this brief recap of a popular version of Hansel and Gretel, and then complete the exercise.

Once upon a time, a widowed woodcutter lived with his two small children, a son and daughter. He then married an evil woman. The family was poor and at risk of starving to death. The evil stepmother devised a scheme to leave the children deep in the woods so that she and her husband would not have to share their food with them. The children’s father, briefly reluctant, gives in to the plan. The parents leave the children deep in the woods, but they find their way back by leaving a pebble trail for themselves. Their stepmother, furious, forces their father to return them to the woods. This time, the children are enslaved by an evil blind woman who eats children. They later escape and again find their way home. Their stepmother has died, and their father is overjoyed to see them again.

In Hansel and Gretel, the stepfamily is formed by?

Divorce followed by remarriage

Nonmarital childbearing followed by remarriage

Widowhood followed by remarriage

Cohabitation

The story is a cultural product that?

Stigmatizes stepfamilies and reinforces the nuclear-family model monopoly

Ignores stepfamilies’ needs

Destigmatizes stepfamilies and undermines the nuclear-family model monopoly

Improves cultural perceptions of stepfamilies

3. Choosing Partners the Next Time

Repartnering presents challenges, especially for parents, who must consider the needs and desires of their children in addition to their own. Many adults and children end up in stepfamilies after following a three-part courtship pattern. What is the second part of this pattern?

The female partner spends several nights per week at the male partner’s home, together with any children.

The new couple marries.

The new couple lives together full-time.

Which of the following are true of stepparents and remarriages? Check all that apply.

For women, the benefits of remarriage are mostly financial.

Men who are already fathers are more likely than childless men to cohabit with or marry a woman with children.

Studies indicate that remarried spouses and stepparents have less desirable characteristics than first-married spouses and childless spouses.

People with more egalitarian gender role attitudes are less willing to marry a partner with children.

Second weddings vary in style, but they are very important because they can influence how children feel about their future stepfamily. Study the following picture of a wedding, and then complete the exercise.

A couple leaves a church after their wedding ceremony. It is the second wedding for both. The woman’s adolescent daughter from her previous marriage was not invited to participate in the ceremony.

The second wedding depicted is best understood as a?

Destination wedding

Traditional-style wedding

Family-centered ceremony

Based on research about the influence of wedding ceremonies on children’s feelings about their future stepfamily, you would most likely conclude that?

The child is likely to view this ceremony negatively, and this may influence negative feelings toward her new stepfamily

Research shows that actual wedding ceremonies have no influence on children’s feelings about their new stepfamily

The child, viewing this ceremony positively, may also view her new stepfamily more positively

4. Happiness, Satisfaction, and Stability in Remarriage

True or False: Compared to first-marrieds, remarried couples have higher relationship satisfaction but lower relationship stability.

True

False

Lahela and Morgan are a recently married couple. This is the second marriage for both. Read their story, and then complete the exercises that follow.

After living together for three months, Lahela and Morgan married. They have now been married for one year. Lahela brought one child into the marriage, a daughter, while Morgan brought one son from his previous marriage into his new union with Lahela. They have no mutual children. They have a high level of conflict in their marriage, due primarily to both parents’ conflicts with their respective stepchild. But they also have conflict due to the household division of labor, which Lahela feels is unfair because she does the vast majority of it. Lahela and Morgan are further distressed by low levels of support from family members. Lahela’s family in particular disapproved of her divorce from her first husband, and they disapprove of her remarriage.

Thinking about the various factors that impact marital satisfaction and stability among remarried couples, the most likely conclusion about this couple is that:

Lahela and Morgan experience a high level of both marital satisfaction and marital stability

Lahela and Morgan experience a low level of marital satisfaction but high marital stability

Lahela and Morgan experience a low level of both marital satisfaction and marital stability

Lahela and Morgan experience a high level of marital satisfaction but low marital stability

Which of the following factors contribute to your conclusion? Check all that apply.

Lahela and Morgan cohabited prior to their marriage, which undermines both marital satisfaction and marital stability.

Lahela and Morgan have children in their household, which contributes to high marital satisfaction.

Lahela and Morgan have social support from friends and family, which contributes to marital stability and marital satisfaction.

Lahela is dissatisfied with the household division of labor, which can undermine marital satisfaction.

5. Challenges to Developing Stepfamily Identity and the Stepfamily System

The development of stepfamily identity and cohesion is a process that evolves over time. Think about the factors that influence the development of stepfamily identity. Read the following scenario, and then complete the exercise.

Suzanne and Ralph are a cohabiting couple. Ralph has joint custody with his ex-wife of his daughter, Michelle, and she lives with Ralph and Suzanne every other week. Suzanne’s son Dylan, from her previous marriage, lives full-time with Suzanne and Ralph. Ralph and Michelle consider Michelle a part of the family, but Suzanne does not. Because she does not consider Michelle part of the family, Suzanne often ignores her needs and leaves her out of family plans. This contributes significant tension to the household during Michelle’s visits.

1(Boundary ambiguity or institutional completion) 2(facilitates or hinders)

The stepfamily described in the scenario is experiencing (1), which (2) the development of their stepfamily identity.

Which of the following are barriers to forming a cohesive stepfamily identity? Check all that apply.

The involuntary nature of stepfamily relationships, which may discourage cooperation among family members

The stepfamily’s status as an incomplete institution that lacks a developed cultural script

The complete triad communication style

Differential treatment of biological and stepchildren by grandparents

Adult family members shape family dynamics, but so do children. In stepfamilies?

Children are believed to have less of an impact on parents’ marital relationship because stepfamily dynamics operate through dripolator effects

Neither percolator nor dripolator effects are common, and thus children have no impact on the marital relationship

Children are believed to have more of an impact on parents’ marital relationship because stepfamily dynamics operate through percolator effects

Both percolator and dripolator effects are common, and thus children wholly determine the level of satisfaction in the marital relationship of their parents

6. Stepfamily Roles and Relationships

One challenge associated with filling stepfamily roles is that of role ambiguity. Role ambiguity refers to

1(too many or few)

the fact that there are (1) guidelines on the responsibilities, behaviors, and emotions expected of a

2(1remarital satisfaction is lower for husbands and wives

, 2parenting satisfaction is higher, especially for stepfathers,

3parenting satisfaction is higher, but only for wives

4 remarital satisfaction is lower for wives)

person filling a stepfamily role. In stepfamilies where role ambiguity is lower (2)

Generally, stepparents take a less active role in their children’s lives than do biological parents, though this may change over time. Fill in the blanks to summarize issues related to the stepfather and stepmother roles.

1(cohabiting or married)

Stepfathers interpret their role in different ways. There is less ambiguity in the stepfather role for (1) stepfathers. One challenge for stepfathers is that they are entering the closed group of mothers and

2(less or more)

child, with whom they lack a common history. Children and their stepfathers are (2) likely to feel positive about their relationship when the stepfather assumes a parental identity. Research indicates

3(more difficult or easier)

that the stepmother role and stepmothers’ relationships with stepchildren are (3) than those of

4(parental claiming or the stepmother trap)

stepfathers (4) describe the tension between expectations that mothers be self-sacrificing and devoted to children, while stepmothers are stigmatized as cruel, vain, and abusive. Full-time stepmothers typically experience less ambiguity and difficulty in the stepmother role.

In the following table, determine whether each statement about stepfamily relationships is true or false.

Statement

True or False

The stepparent–stepchild relationship typically becomes closer and more involved over time.

Error! Filename not specified.

Mediation of relationships between stepparents and stepchildren is an additional role that biological mothers in stepfamilies typically take on.

Error! Filename not specified.

Individuals living with a second spouse or partner are more likely to want a child if neither partner already has a child.

Error! Filename not specified.

Co-resident and biological siblings are less close and less engaged with one another than stepsiblings.

7. Financial and Legal Issues of Stepfamilies

The financial and legal issues that stepfamilies face can be difficult to navigate.

True or False: A stepparent’s legal rights and responsibilities are usually ambiguous and vary greatly from state to state.

True

False

A classic study by Barbara Fishman investigated how stepfamilies manage their finances. Fishman discovered two models of economic behavior among the stepfamilies she studied. Some used the common-pot system, while others used the two-pot system. Label each of the following scenarios with the model it best fits and then answer the question.

1(Common-pot System or Two-pot System)

(1) The Mooneys are a stepfamily. Mom Karen and her biological child, Kevin, live with Dad Mark and his biological son, David. Karen and Mark have no biological children together. Mark earns more money than Karen; however, Karen and Mark pool all of their money into a shared account and use that money to meet all of Kevin’s and David’s needs. Both children are happy and well cared for, and they get along well with each other. In fact, they have even recently started taking tennis lessons together.

2(Common-pot System or Two-pot System)

(2) The Coopers are a stepfamily. Mom Marie and her biological daughter, Lisa, live with Dad Jeremy. Together, Marie and Jeremy have a son, Will. Jeremy earns more money than Marie, but they do not pool their money. They keep separate accounts and allocate money in a complex way. Marie pays for all of Lisa’s needs and contributes to Will’s needs. Jeremy contributes only to Will’s needs. In practice, this means that there is more money for Will. Will receives lavish birthday presents, participates in many activities, and tends to get whatever he wants whenever he wants it. Marie cannot afford more than the bare essentials for Lisa. Lisa tries not to let things bother her, but she resents her brother and her stepfather

Which of the following are true of the Mooneys and the Coopers? Check all that apply.

The Mooneys distribute money irrespective of each child’s needs.

The Coopers distribute money irrespective of each child’s needs.

The Mooneys use a money allocation system that fosters household unity.

The Coopers are using the money allocation system that the majority of stepfamilies use.

8. Well-Being in Stepfamilies

You have learned about well-being in stepfamilies. Compared to parenting biological children, stepparents typically find parenting stepchildren?

About as satisfying

Less satisfying

More satisfying

Now, thinking about adult and child well-being in stepfamilies, determine whether each statement in the following table is true or false.

Statement

True or False

Regardless of relationship quality, stepchildren are more likely than biological children to provide support to aging parents.

Error! Filename not specified.

The effects of stepfamily living on child well-being may vary by family income.

Error! Filename not specified.

Research finds that older children, especially adolescents, adjust better to a parent’s remarriage than younger children.

Error! Filename not specified.

Instability of family structure rather than family structure itself is associated with the worst child outcomes.

9. Creating Supportive Stepfamilies

Which of the following are characteristics of a supportive and healthy stepfamily environment? Check all that apply.

They family utilizes constructive communication strategies.

The family works on building a shared family history.

The family utilizes available resources, such as educational programs.

According to psychologist Patricia Papernow, stepfamily members ideally forge positive, supportive relationships over time, as they progress through the stepfamily cycle. Read the following scenario about one stepfamily’s progress through the cycle, and then complete the exercise.

Suzie and Sascha are a remarried couple. They have been married for 16 years. They have no mutual children, though Sascha does have a daughter, Lorraine, from a previous marriage. For over a decade, Lorraine and Suzie were at odds. Suzie has always resented the stepmother role and Lorraine’s thinly veiled hope that her father would reunite with her biological mother. Over the last few years, Suzie and Lorraine have been airing their differences with one another more openly. They get along more poorly than ever before and treat each other like outsiders. Lorraine, now in college, cannot imagine ever talking to her stepmother (whom she calls her father’s wife) about intimate issues, such as her recent experimentation with marijuana.

1(an early, a middle or a late) 2(has or has not )

Suzie, Sascha, and Lorraine are in (1) stage of the stepfamily cycle. Suzie (2) achieved intimate outsider status with Lorraine.[supanova_question]