Case Study
Deadline: 20/11/2021 @ 23:59
Course Name: Principles of Management
Student’s Name:
Course Code: MGT101
Student’s ID Number:
Semester: 1st
CRN:
Academic Year: 1442/1443 H, 1st Term
For Instructor’s Use only
Instructor’s Name:
Students’ Grade: /5
Level of Marks: High/Middle/Low
Instructions – PLEASE READ THEM CAREFULLY
This assignment is an individual assignment.
Due date for Assignment 2 is by the end of Week 11.(20/11/2020)
The Assignment must be submitted only in WORD format via allocated folder.
Assignments submitted through email will not be accepted.
Students are advised to make their work clear and well presented, marks may be reduced for poor presentation. This includes filling your information on the cover page.
Students must mention question number clearly in their answer.
Late submission will NOT be accepted.
Avoid plagiarism, the work should be in your own words, copying from students or other resources without proper referencing will result in ZERO marks. No exceptions.
All answered must be typed using Times New Roman (size 12, double-spaced) font. No pictures containing text will be accepted and will be considered plagiarism).
Submissions without this cover page will NOT be accepted.
Assignment Purposes/Learning Outcomes:
After completion of Assignment-2 students will able to understand the
1. Examine management issues and practices in motivation; organizational culture, structure, and behavior; team dynamics; and communication.
2. Relate motivational theories to motivating and demotivating factors.
3. Know and discuss manager’s role in motivating employees.
Assignment-2
Case Study
In September 2018, Mohammed Salim joined KAAF Software Solutions (KAFF) as a Senior Programmer, with a handsome pay. Prior to this job, he worked successfully as an Assistant Programmer in Gant Computers (Gant). Salim felt that working for KAFF, there are better career prospects, as it was growing much faster than Gant, which was a relatively small company.
Although Salim had enjoyed working there (at Gant), he realized that to grow further in his field, he would have to join a bigger company, and preferable one that handled international projects. He was sure he would excel in his position at KAFF, just as he had done in his old job at Gant.
KAFF had international operations and there was more than a slim chance that he would be sent to USA or the UK on a project. Knowing that this would give him a lot of exposure, besides looking good on his resume, Salim was quite excited about his new job.
Salim joined Mrs. Zeenat’s five-member team at KAFF. He had met Mrs. Zeenat during the orientation sessions, and was looking forward to working under her. His team members seemed warm and friendly, and comfortable with their work. He introduced himself to the team members and got to know more about each of them.
Wanting to know more about his boss, he casually asked one of the team members, about Mrs Zeenat. He was told that Mrs. Zeenat does not interfere with our work. Salim was surprised to know this and thought that probably Mrs. Zeenat was leaving them alone to do their work without any guidance, in order to allow them to realize their full potential.
At Gant, Salim had worked under Abdulrahman and had looked up to him as a guide and mentor – always guiding, but never interfering. Abdulrahman had let Salim make his own mistakes and learn from them. He had always encouraged individual ideas, and let the team discover the flaws, if any, through discussion and experience. He rarely held an individual member of his team responsible if the team as a whole failed to deliver – for him the responsibility for any failure was collective. Salim remembered telling his colleagues at Gant that the ideal boss would be someone who did not interfere with his/her subordinate’s work. Salim wanted to believe that Mrs. Zeenat too was the non-interfering type. If that was the case, surely her non-interference would only help him to grow.
In his first week at work, Salim found the atmosphere at the office a bit dull. However, he was quite excited. His team had been assigned a new project and was facing a few glitches with the new software. He had thought about the problem till late in the night and had come up with several possible solutions. He could not wait to discuss them with his team and Mrs. Zeenat. He smiled to himself when he thought of how Mrs. Zeenat would react when he will tell her that he had come up with several possible solutions to the problem. He was sure she would be happy with his having put in so much effort into the project, right from day one.
He was daydreaming about all the praise that he was going to get when Mrs. Zeenat walked into the office. Salim waited for her to go into her cabin, and after five minutes, called her up, asking to see her. She asked him to come in after tem minutes. When he went in, she looked at him blankly and asked, “Yes?” Not sure whether she had recognized him, Salim introduced himself. She said, “Ok, but why did you want to meet me?” He started to tell her about the problems they were having with the software. But before he could even finish, she told him that she was busy with other things, and that she would send an email with the solution to all the members of the team by the end of the day, and that they could then implement it immediately. Salim was somewhat taken aback. However, ever the optimist, he thought that she had perhaps already discussed the matter with the team.
Salim came out of Mrs. Zeenat’s cabin and went straight to where his team members sat. He thought it would still be nice to bounce ideas off them and also to see what solutions others might come up with. He told them of all the solutions he had in mind. He waited for the others to come up with their suggestions but not one of them spoke up. He was surprised, and asked them point-blank why they were so disinterested.
Faisal, one of the team members, said, “What is the point in our discussing these things? Mrs. Zeenat is not going to have time to listen to us on discuss anything. She will just give us the solution she thinks is best, and we will just do what she tells us to do; why waste everyone’s time?”
Salim felt his heart sink. Was this the way things worked over here? However, he refused to lose heart and thought that maybe, he could change things a little. But as the days went by, Salim realized that Mrs. Zeenat was the complete opposite of his old boss.
While she was efficient at what she did and extremely intelligent, she had neither the time nor the inclination to groom her subordinates. Her solutions to problem were always correct, but she was not willing to discuss or debate the merits of any other ideas that her team might have. She did not hold the team down to their deadlines not did she ever interfere. In fact, she rarely said anything at all. If work did not get finished on time, she would just blame her team, and totally disassociate herself from them.
Time and again, Salim found himself thinking of Abdulrahman his old boss, and of how he had been such a positive influence. Mrs. Zeenat, on the other hand, even without actively doing anything, had managed to significantly lower his motivation levels.
Salim gradually began to lose interest in his work – it had become too mechanical for his taste. He didn’t really need to think; his boss had all the answers. He was learning nothing new, and he felt his career was going nowhere. As he became more and more discouraged, his performance suffered. From being someone with immense promise and potential Salim was now in danger of becoming just another mediocre techie.
Questions:
Q1. What, according to you, were the reasons for Salim’s disillusionment? Answer the question using Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. (2.5 marks)
Q2. What should Salim do to resolve his situation? (1.25 marks)
Q3. What should a team leader do, to ensure high levels of motivation among his/her team members? (1.25 Marks)
Page 1 of 3
ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS OR LESS 3 Running head: ALL
ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS OR LESS 3
Running head: ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS OR LESS 1
APA Style Sixth Edition Template: This Is Just an Example Title That Has a Colon In It
Paul Rose
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
Author Note
A brief author note (which should be omitted in Paul Rose’s courses) goes here. This note may include acknowledgment of funding sources, expressions of gratitude to research assistants, and contact information for the author who will handle requests. I have a few notes of my own to share. First, thanks to everyone who has suggested improvements; I’m sorry I can’t acknowledge you all here. If anyone else badly needs to email me, try searching with “paul rose siue”. Second, you are hereby granted permission to use (and adapt) this document for learning and research purposes. You may not sell this document either by itself or in combination with other products or services. Third, if you use this document, you use it at your own risk. The document’s accuracy and safety have been thoroughly evaluated, but they are not guaranteed. Fourth, if you find this document helpful, I would be grateful if you would click on this URL: http://goo.gl/DGHoZ. It directs to a harmless Department of Psychology web page at SIUE, and records click-through data that give me an idea of how many people have found this document helpful.
Abstract
An abstract is a single paragraph, without indentation, that summarizes the key points of the manuscript in 150 to 250 words. For simpler papers in Paul Rose’s classes, a somewhat shorter abstract is fine. The purpose of the abstract is to provide the reader with a brief overview of the paper. When in doubt about a rule, check the sixth edition APA style manual rather than relying on this template. (Although I prefer only one space after a period, two spaces after a period are suggested by the sixth-edition APA manual at the top of page 88.) This document has a history that compels me to give credit where it’s due. Many years ago I downloaded a fifth-edition template from an unspecified author’s web site at Northcentral University. I modified the template extensively and repeatedly for my own purposes and in the early years I shared my highly-modified templates only with my own students. By now, I have edited this document so many times in so many ways that the current template bears virtually no similarity to the old Northcentral document. I want to be clear, however, that I am in debt to an unknown author who spared me the inconvenience of having to create my own templates from scratch.
Keywords: writing, template, sixth, edition, APA, format, style, self-discipline
Title of Paper Gets Repeated Here Exactly As It Appears On The First Page
This is where the body of your paper begins. Note that the title of your paper appears at the top of your introduction even though other sections begin with headings like “Method”, “Results” and so on. The rest of the text in this template provides hints about properly generating the parts of your APA-formatted paper. Notice that there is no extra spacing between the paragraphs or sections.
The major components of your paper (abstract, body, references, etc.) each begin on a new page. These components begin with centered headings at the top of the first page. (You can see how major components of text get divided in this freely available sample document: http://www.apastyle.org/manual/related/sample-experiment-paper-1.pdf ). Some papers have multiple studies in them so the body could have multiple sections and subsections within it.
Sections can have subsections with headings. For example, a Method section might have Participants, Materials, and Procedure subsections if there are enough details to explain to warrant such headings. The sixth edition of the APA manual, unlike earlier editions, tells you to bold some headings. Below are examples.
Heading Level 1
Heading Level 2
Heading level 3. (Note the indent and period, and note how the capitalization works. You will probably never go deeper than the third heading level.)
Heading level 4.
Heading level 5.
Citations and References
Check your assigned reading materials for rules about citations (which occur within the text of the paper) and references (which are listed in their own separate section at the end of the paper). Remember that you can find a lot of answers to formatting questions with a careful search. When you’re looking at information online, check the source, and consider whether the information might refer to an older edition of APA format. When in doubt, follow the latest edition of the APA manual.
About a References Section
An example of a References section is on the next page. Take note of the “hanging indent” style and double-spacing (with no extra spacing between references). The easiest way to create hanging indents is to type your references without worrying about indentation and when you are finished, select all the references at once and apply the hanging indents with your word processor.
Many APA format rules are not mentioned or demonstrated in this document. You should plan to spend a lot of time looking up formatting rules (http://www.apastyle.org/ is helpful). If APA formatting is driving you crazy and you want a distraction, how about alleviating people’s suffering with a simple click? Check out The Hunger Site (http://www.thehungersite.com/).
References
Ajournalarticle, R. H., Spud, P. T., & Psychologist, R. M. (2016). Title of journal article goes here. Journal of Research in Personality, 22, 236-252. doi:10.1016/0032-026X.56.6.895*
B’Onlinesourcesareconfusing, S. O. (2010). Search for answers at apastyle.org and include issue numbers after volume numbers when there is no DOI. Journal of Articles Without Digital Object Identifiers, 127 (3), 816-826.
Cmagazinearticle, B. E. (2009, July). Note the last names on this page: Each source type has to be formatted in a different way. [Special issue]. Prose Magazine, 126 (5), 96-134.
Dbookreference, S. M., Orman, T. P., & Carey, R. (1967). Google scholar’s “cite” feature is usually accurate and time-saving. New York, NY: Pearson.
O’encyclopedia, S. E. (1993). Words. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (vol. 38, pp. 745-758). Chicago, IL: Penguin.
Pchapter, P. R., & Inaneditedvolume, J. C. (2001). Scientific research papers provide evidence of frustration with giant style manuals. In P. Z. Wildlifeconservation, R. Dawkins, & J. H. Dennett (Eds.), Research papers are hard work but boy are they good for you (pp. 123-256). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Qosenberg, Morris. (1994, September 11). This is how you cite an online news article that has an author. The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/dir/subdir/2014/05/11/a-d9-11e3_story.html
* On p. 189, the 6th ed. manual says “We recommend that when DOIs are available, you include them”—so you can skip the DOI if you can’t find it. Footnotes like this aren’t appropriate in a real references section.
Footnotes
1 Some professional journals ask authors to avoid using footnotes. In an undergraduate paper they are almost never necessary.
Table 1
Correlations Among and Descriptive Statistics For Key Study Variables
Variables
M (SD)
Sex
Age
Income
Educ.
Relig.
Dist. Intol.
Sex
1.53 (.50)
.07
-.09
.02
.14
.06
Age
31.88 (10.29)
.08
.19*
.20*
.01
Income
2.60 (1.57)
.04
-.14
-.09
Educ.
3.44 (1.06)
-.29*
-.06
Relig.
1.21 (.30)
-.19*
Dist. Intol.
3.75 (1.19)
Notes. N’s range from 107 to 109 due to occasional missing data. For sex, 0 = male, 1 = female. Educ. = education. Dist. Intol. = distress intolerance. Relig. = religiosity.
* p < .05.
Alcohol Consumption
Frugality
Amount that Gets Spent on Alcohol
Figure 1. This simple path model, adapted from results in a Journal of Consumer Behaviour paper, is an example of a figure. The figure appears on the last page (although in the rare case that you have an appendix, the appendix would follow the figure).
ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS OR LESS 3 Running head: ALL
ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS OR LESS 3
Running head: ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS OR LESS 1
APA Style Sixth Edition Template: This Is Just an Example Title That Has a Colon In It
Paul Rose
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
Author Note
A brief author note (which should be omitted in Paul Rose’s courses) goes here. This note may include acknowledgment of funding sources, expressions of gratitude to research assistants, and contact information for the author who will handle requests. I have a few notes of my own to share. First, thanks to everyone who has suggested improvements; I’m sorry I can’t acknowledge you all here. If anyone else badly needs to email me, try searching with “paul rose siue”. Second, you are hereby granted permission to use (and adapt) this document for learning and research purposes. You may not sell this document either by itself or in combination with other products or services. Third, if you use this document, you use it at your own risk. The document’s accuracy and safety have been thoroughly evaluated, but they are not guaranteed. Fourth, if you find this document helpful, I would be grateful if you would click on this URL: http://goo.gl/DGHoZ. It directs to a harmless Department of Psychology web page at SIUE, and records click-through data that give me an idea of how many people have found this document helpful.
Abstract
An abstract is a single paragraph, without indentation, that summarizes the key points of the manuscript in 150 to 250 words. For simpler papers in Paul Rose’s classes, a somewhat shorter abstract is fine. The purpose of the abstract is to provide the reader with a brief overview of the paper. When in doubt about a rule, check the sixth edition APA style manual rather than relying on this template. (Although I prefer only one space after a period, two spaces after a period are suggested by the sixth-edition APA manual at the top of page 88.) This document has a history that compels me to give credit where it’s due. Many years ago I downloaded a fifth-edition template from an unspecified author’s web site at Northcentral University. I modified the template extensively and repeatedly for my own purposes and in the early years I shared my highly-modified templates only with my own students. By now, I have edited this document so many times in so many ways that the current template bears virtually no similarity to the old Northcentral document. I want to be clear, however, that I am in debt to an unknown author who spared me the inconvenience of having to create my own templates from scratch.
Keywords: writing, template, sixth, edition, APA, format, style, self-discipline
Title of Paper Gets Repeated Here Exactly As It Appears On The First Page
This is where the body of your paper begins. Note that the title of your paper appears at the top of your introduction even though other sections begin with headings like “Method”, “Results” and so on. The rest of the text in this template provides hints about properly generating the parts of your APA-formatted paper. Notice that there is no extra spacing between the paragraphs or sections.
The major components of your paper (abstract, body, references, etc.) each begin on a new page. These components begin with centered headings at the top of the first page. (You can see how major components of text get divided in this freely available sample document: http://www.apastyle.org/manual/related/sample-experiment-paper-1.pdf ). Some papers have multiple studies in them so the body could have multiple sections and subsections within it.
Sections can have subsections with headings. For example, a Method section might have Participants, Materials, and Procedure subsections if there are enough details to explain to warrant such headings. The sixth edition of the APA manual, unlike earlier editions, tells you to bold some headings. Below are examples.
Heading Level 1
Heading Level 2
Heading level 3. (Note the indent and period, and note how the capitalization works. You will probably never go deeper than the third heading level.)
Heading level 4.
Heading level 5.
Citations and References
Check your assigned reading materials for rules about citations (which occur within the text of the paper) and references (which are listed in their own separate section at the end of the paper). Remember that you can find a lot of answers to formatting questions with a careful search. When you’re looking at information online, check the source, and consider whether the information might refer to an older edition of APA format. When in doubt, follow the latest edition of the APA manual.
About a References Section
An example of a References section is on the next page. Take note of the “hanging indent” style and double-spacing (with no extra spacing between references). The easiest way to create hanging indents is to type your references without worrying about indentation and when you are finished, select all the references at once and apply the hanging indents with your word processor.
Many APA format rules are not mentioned or demonstrated in this document. You should plan to spend a lot of time looking up formatting rules (http://www.apastyle.org/ is helpful). If APA formatting is driving you crazy and you want a distraction, how about alleviating people’s suffering with a simple click? Check out The Hunger Site (http://www.thehungersite.com/).
References
Ajournalarticle, R. H., Spud, P. T., & Psychologist, R. M. (2016). Title of journal article goes here. Journal of Research in Personality, 22, 236-252. doi:10.1016/0032-026X.56.6.895*
B’Onlinesourcesareconfusing, S. O. (2010). Search for answers at apastyle.org and include issue numbers after volume numbers when there is no DOI. Journal of Articles Without Digital Object Identifiers, 127 (3), 816-826.
Cmagazinearticle, B. E. (2009, July). Note the last names on this page: Each source type has to be formatted in a different way. [Special issue]. Prose Magazine, 126 (5), 96-134.
Dbookreference, S. M., Orman, T. P., & Carey, R. (1967). Google scholar’s “cite” feature is usually accurate and time-saving. New York, NY: Pearson.
O’encyclopedia, S. E. (1993). Words. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (vol. 38, pp. 745-758). Chicago, IL: Penguin.
Pchapter, P. R., & Inaneditedvolume, J. C. (2001). Scientific research papers provide evidence of frustration with giant style manuals. In P. Z. Wildlifeconservation, R. Dawkins, & J. H. Dennett (Eds.), Research papers are hard work but boy are they good for you (pp. 123-256). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Qosenberg, Morris. (1994, September 11). This is how you cite an online news article that has an author. The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/dir/subdir/2014/05/11/a-d9-11e3_story.html
* On p. 189, the 6th ed. manual says “We recommend that when DOIs are available, you include them”—so you can skip the DOI if you can’t find it. Footnotes like this aren’t appropriate in a real references section.
Footnotes
1 Some professional journals ask authors to avoid using footnotes. In an undergraduate paper they are almost never necessary.
Table 1
Correlations Among and Descriptive Statistics For Key Study Variables
Variables
M (SD)
Sex
Age
Income
Educ.
Relig.
Dist. Intol.
Sex
1.53 (.50)
.07
-.09
.02
.14
.06
Age
31.88 (10.29)
.08
.19*
.20*
.01
Income
2.60 (1.57)
.04
-.14
-.09
Educ.
3.44 (1.06)
-.29*
-.06
Relig.
1.21 (.30)
-.19*
Dist. Intol.
3.75 (1.19)
Notes. N’s range from 107 to 109 due to occasional missing data. For sex, 0 = male, 1 = female. Educ. = education. Dist. Intol. = distress intolerance. Relig. = religiosity.
* p < .05.
Alcohol Consumption
Frugality
Amount that Gets Spent on Alcohol
Figure 1. This simple path model, adapted from results in a Journal of Consumer Behaviour paper, is an example of a figure. The figure appears on the last page (although in the rare case that you have an appendix, the appendix would follow the figure).
ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS OR LESS 3 Running head: ALL
Writing Assignment Help ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS OR LESS 3
Running head: ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS OR LESS 1
APA Style Sixth Edition Template: This Is Just an Example Title That Has a Colon In It
Paul Rose
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
Author Note
A brief author note (which should be omitted in Paul Rose’s courses) goes here. This note may include acknowledgment of funding sources, expressions of gratitude to research assistants, and contact information for the author who will handle requests. I have a few notes of my own to share. First, thanks to everyone who has suggested improvements; I’m sorry I can’t acknowledge you all here. If anyone else badly needs to email me, try searching with “paul rose siue”. Second, you are hereby granted permission to use (and adapt) this document for learning and research purposes. You may not sell this document either by itself or in combination with other products or services. Third, if you use this document, you use it at your own risk. The document’s accuracy and safety have been thoroughly evaluated, but they are not guaranteed. Fourth, if you find this document helpful, I would be grateful if you would click on this URL: http://goo.gl/DGHoZ. It directs to a harmless Department of Psychology web page at SIUE, and records click-through data that give me an idea of how many people have found this document helpful.
Abstract
An abstract is a single paragraph, without indentation, that summarizes the key points of the manuscript in 150 to 250 words. For simpler papers in Paul Rose’s classes, a somewhat shorter abstract is fine. The purpose of the abstract is to provide the reader with a brief overview of the paper. When in doubt about a rule, check the sixth edition APA style manual rather than relying on this template. (Although I prefer only one space after a period, two spaces after a period are suggested by the sixth-edition APA manual at the top of page 88.) This document has a history that compels me to give credit where it’s due. Many years ago I downloaded a fifth-edition template from an unspecified author’s web site at Northcentral University. I modified the template extensively and repeatedly for my own purposes and in the early years I shared my highly-modified templates only with my own students. By now, I have edited this document so many times in so many ways that the current template bears virtually no similarity to the old Northcentral document. I want to be clear, however, that I am in debt to an unknown author who spared me the inconvenience of having to create my own templates from scratch.
Keywords: writing, template, sixth, edition, APA, format, style, self-discipline
Title of Paper Gets Repeated Here Exactly As It Appears On The First Page
This is where the body of your paper begins. Note that the title of your paper appears at the top of your introduction even though other sections begin with headings like “Method”, “Results” and so on. The rest of the text in this template provides hints about properly generating the parts of your APA-formatted paper. Notice that there is no extra spacing between the paragraphs or sections.
The major components of your paper (abstract, body, references, etc.) each begin on a new page. These components begin with centered headings at the top of the first page. (You can see how major components of text get divided in this freely available sample document: http://www.apastyle.org/manual/related/sample-experiment-paper-1.pdf ). Some papers have multiple studies in them so the body could have multiple sections and subsections within it.
Sections can have subsections with headings. For example, a Method section might have Participants, Materials, and Procedure subsections if there are enough details to explain to warrant such headings. The sixth edition of the APA manual, unlike earlier editions, tells you to bold some headings. Below are examples.
Heading Level 1
Heading Level 2
Heading level 3. (Note the indent and period, and note how the capitalization works. You will probably never go deeper than the third heading level.)
Heading level 4.
Heading level 5.
Citations and References
Check your assigned reading materials for rules about citations (which occur within the text of the paper) and references (which are listed in their own separate section at the end of the paper). Remember that you can find a lot of answers to formatting questions with a careful search. When you’re looking at information online, check the source, and consider whether the information might refer to an older edition of APA format. When in doubt, follow the latest edition of the APA manual.
About a References Section
An example of a References section is on the next page. Take note of the “hanging indent” style and double-spacing (with no extra spacing between references). The easiest way to create hanging indents is to type your references without worrying about indentation and when you are finished, select all the references at once and apply the hanging indents with your word processor.
Many APA format rules are not mentioned or demonstrated in this document. You should plan to spend a lot of time looking up formatting rules (http://www.apastyle.org/ is helpful). If APA formatting is driving you crazy and you want a distraction, how about alleviating people’s suffering with a simple click? Check out The Hunger Site (http://www.thehungersite.com/).
References
Ajournalarticle, R. H., Spud, P. T., & Psychologist, R. M. (2016). Title of journal article goes here. Journal of Research in Personality, 22, 236-252. doi:10.1016/0032-026X.56.6.895*
B’Onlinesourcesareconfusing, S. O. (2010). Search for answers at apastyle.org and include issue numbers after volume numbers when there is no DOI. Journal of Articles Without Digital Object Identifiers, 127 (3), 816-826.
Cmagazinearticle, B. E. (2009, July). Note the last names on this page: Each source type has to be formatted in a different way. [Special issue]. Prose Magazine, 126 (5), 96-134.
Dbookreference, S. M., Orman, T. P., & Carey, R. (1967). Google scholar’s “cite” feature is usually accurate and time-saving. New York, NY: Pearson.
O’encyclopedia, S. E. (1993). Words. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (vol. 38, pp. 745-758). Chicago, IL: Penguin.
Pchapter, P. R., & Inaneditedvolume, J. C. (2001). Scientific research papers provide evidence of frustration with giant style manuals. In P. Z. Wildlifeconservation, R. Dawkins, & J. H. Dennett (Eds.), Research papers are hard work but boy are they good for you (pp. 123-256). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Qosenberg, Morris. (1994, September 11). This is how you cite an online news article that has an author. The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/dir/subdir/2014/05/11/a-d9-11e3_story.html
* On p. 189, the 6th ed. manual says “We recommend that when DOIs are available, you include them”—so you can skip the DOI if you can’t find it. Footnotes like this aren’t appropriate in a real references section.
Footnotes
1 Some professional journals ask authors to avoid using footnotes. In an undergraduate paper they are almost never necessary.
Table 1
Correlations Among and Descriptive Statistics For Key Study Variables
Variables
M (SD)
Sex
Age
Income
Educ.
Relig.
Dist. Intol.
Sex
1.53 (.50)
.07
-.09
.02
.14
.06
Age
31.88 (10.29)
.08
.19*
.20*
.01
Income
2.60 (1.57)
.04
-.14
-.09
Educ.
3.44 (1.06)
-.29*
-.06
Relig.
1.21 (.30)
-.19*
Dist. Intol.
3.75 (1.19)
Notes. N’s range from 107 to 109 due to occasional missing data. For sex, 0 = male, 1 = female. Educ. = education. Dist. Intol. = distress intolerance. Relig. = religiosity.
* p < .05.
Alcohol Consumption
Frugality
Amount that Gets Spent on Alcohol
Figure 1. This simple path model, adapted from results in a Journal of Consumer Behaviour paper, is an example of a figure. The figure appears on the last page (although in the rare case that you have an appendix, the appendix would follow the figure).
ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS OR LESS 3 Running head: ALL
ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS OR LESS 3
Running head: ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS OR LESS 1
APA Style Sixth Edition Template: This Is Just an Example Title That Has a Colon In It
Paul Rose
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
Author Note
A brief author note (which should be omitted in Paul Rose’s courses) goes here. This note may include acknowledgment of funding sources, expressions of gratitude to research assistants, and contact information for the author who will handle requests. I have a few notes of my own to share. First, thanks to everyone who has suggested improvements; I’m sorry I can’t acknowledge you all here. If anyone else badly needs to email me, try searching with “paul rose siue”. Second, you are hereby granted permission to use (and adapt) this document for learning and research purposes. You may not sell this document either by itself or in combination with other products or services. Third, if you use this document, you use it at your own risk. The document’s accuracy and safety have been thoroughly evaluated, but they are not guaranteed. Fourth, if you find this document helpful, I would be grateful if you would click on this URL: http://goo.gl/DGHoZ. It directs to a harmless Department of Psychology web page at SIUE, and records click-through data that give me an idea of how many people have found this document helpful.
Abstract
An abstract is a single paragraph, without indentation, that summarizes the key points of the manuscript in 150 to 250 words. For simpler papers in Paul Rose’s classes, a somewhat shorter abstract is fine. The purpose of the abstract is to provide the reader with a brief overview of the paper. When in doubt about a rule, check the sixth edition APA style manual rather than relying on this template. (Although I prefer only one space after a period, two spaces after a period are suggested by the sixth-edition APA manual at the top of page 88.) This document has a history that compels me to give credit where it’s due. Many years ago I downloaded a fifth-edition template from an unspecified author’s web site at Northcentral University. I modified the template extensively and repeatedly for my own purposes and in the early years I shared my highly-modified templates only with my own students. By now, I have edited this document so many times in so many ways that the current template bears virtually no similarity to the old Northcentral document. I want to be clear, however, that I am in debt to an unknown author who spared me the inconvenience of having to create my own templates from scratch.
Keywords: writing, template, sixth, edition, APA, format, style, self-discipline
Title of Paper Gets Repeated Here Exactly As It Appears On The First Page
This is where the body of your paper begins. Note that the title of your paper appears at the top of your introduction even though other sections begin with headings like “Method”, “Results” and so on. The rest of the text in this template provides hints about properly generating the parts of your APA-formatted paper. Notice that there is no extra spacing between the paragraphs or sections.
The major components of your paper (abstract, body, references, etc.) each begin on a new page. These components begin with centered headings at the top of the first page. (You can see how major components of text get divided in this freely available sample document: http://www.apastyle.org/manual/related/sample-experiment-paper-1.pdf ). Some papers have multiple studies in them so the body could have multiple sections and subsections within it.
Sections can have subsections with headings. For example, a Method section might have Participants, Materials, and Procedure subsections if there are enough details to explain to warrant such headings. The sixth edition of the APA manual, unlike earlier editions, tells you to bold some headings. Below are examples.
Heading Level 1
Heading Level 2
Heading level 3. (Note the indent and period, and note how the capitalization works. You will probably never go deeper than the third heading level.)
Heading level 4.
Heading level 5.
Citations and References
Check your assigned reading materials for rules about citations (which occur within the text of the paper) and references (which are listed in their own separate section at the end of the paper). Remember that you can find a lot of answers to formatting questions with a careful search. When you’re looking at information online, check the source, and consider whether the information might refer to an older edition of APA format. When in doubt, follow the latest edition of the APA manual.
About a References Section
An example of a References section is on the next page. Take note of the “hanging indent” style and double-spacing (with no extra spacing between references). The easiest way to create hanging indents is to type your references without worrying about indentation and when you are finished, select all the references at once and apply the hanging indents with your word processor.
Many APA format rules are not mentioned or demonstrated in this document. You should plan to spend a lot of time looking up formatting rules (http://www.apastyle.org/ is helpful). If APA formatting is driving you crazy and you want a distraction, how about alleviating people’s suffering with a simple click? Check out The Hunger Site (http://www.thehungersite.com/).
References
Ajournalarticle, R. H., Spud, P. T., & Psychologist, R. M. (2016). Title of journal article goes here. Journal of Research in Personality, 22, 236-252. doi:10.1016/0032-026X.56.6.895*
B’Onlinesourcesareconfusing, S. O. (2010). Search for answers at apastyle.org and include issue numbers after volume numbers when there is no DOI. Journal of Articles Without Digital Object Identifiers, 127 (3), 816-826.
Cmagazinearticle, B. E. (2009, July). Note the last names on this page: Each source type has to be formatted in a different way. [Special issue]. Prose Magazine, 126 (5), 96-134.
Dbookreference, S. M., Orman, T. P., & Carey, R. (1967). Google scholar’s “cite” feature is usually accurate and time-saving. New York, NY: Pearson.
O’encyclopedia, S. E. (1993). Words. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (vol. 38, pp. 745-758). Chicago, IL: Penguin.
Pchapter, P. R., & Inaneditedvolume, J. C. (2001). Scientific research papers provide evidence of frustration with giant style manuals. In P. Z. Wildlifeconservation, R. Dawkins, & J. H. Dennett (Eds.), Research papers are hard work but boy are they good for you (pp. 123-256). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Qosenberg, Morris. (1994, September 11). This is how you cite an online news article that has an author. The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/dir/subdir/2014/05/11/a-d9-11e3_story.html
* On p. 189, the 6th ed. manual says “We recommend that when DOIs are available, you include them”—so you can skip the DOI if you can’t find it. Footnotes like this aren’t appropriate in a real references section.
Footnotes
1 Some professional journals ask authors to avoid using footnotes. In an undergraduate paper they are almost never necessary.
Table 1
Correlations Among and Descriptive Statistics For Key Study Variables
Variables
M (SD)
Sex
Age
Income
Educ.
Relig.
Dist. Intol.
Sex
1.53 (.50)
.07
-.09
.02
.14
.06
Age
31.88 (10.29)
.08
.19*
.20*
.01
Income
2.60 (1.57)
.04
-.14
-.09
Educ.
3.44 (1.06)
-.29*
-.06
Relig.
1.21 (.30)
-.19*
Dist. Intol.
3.75 (1.19)
Notes. N’s range from 107 to 109 due to occasional missing data. For sex, 0 = male, 1 = female. Educ. = education. Dist. Intol. = distress intolerance. Relig. = religiosity.
* p < .05.
Alcohol Consumption
Frugality
Amount that Gets Spent on Alcohol
Figure 1. This simple path model, adapted from results in a Journal of Consumer Behaviour paper, is an example of a figure. The figure appears on the last page (although in the rare case that you have an appendix, the appendix would follow the figure).
ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS OR LESS 3 Running head: ALL
ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS OR LESS 3
Running head: ALL CAPS SHORT TITLE 50 CHARACTERS OR LESS 1
APA Style Sixth Edition Template: This Is Just an Example Title That Has a Colon In It
Paul Rose
Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
Author Note
A brief author note (which should be omitted in Paul Rose’s courses) goes here. This note may include acknowledgment of funding sources, expressions of gratitude to research assistants, and contact information for the author who will handle requests. I have a few notes of my own to share. First, thanks to everyone who has suggested improvements; I’m sorry I can’t acknowledge you all here. If anyone else badly needs to email me, try searching with “paul rose siue”. Second, you are hereby granted permission to use (and adapt) this document for learning and research purposes. You may not sell this document either by itself or in combination with other products or services. Third, if you use this document, you use it at your own risk. The document’s accuracy and safety have been thoroughly evaluated, but they are not guaranteed. Fourth, if you find this document helpful, I would be grateful if you would click on this URL: http://goo.gl/DGHoZ. It directs to a harmless Department of Psychology web page at SIUE, and records click-through data that give me an idea of how many people have found this document helpful.
Abstract
An abstract is a single paragraph, without indentation, that summarizes the key points of the manuscript in 150 to 250 words. For simpler papers in Paul Rose’s classes, a somewhat shorter abstract is fine. The purpose of the abstract is to provide the reader with a brief overview of the paper. When in doubt about a rule, check the sixth edition APA style manual rather than relying on this template. (Although I prefer only one space after a period, two spaces after a period are suggested by the sixth-edition APA manual at the top of page 88.) This document has a history that compels me to give credit where it’s due. Many years ago I downloaded a fifth-edition template from an unspecified author’s web site at Northcentral University. I modified the template extensively and repeatedly for my own purposes and in the early years I shared my highly-modified templates only with my own students. By now, I have edited this document so many times in so many ways that the current template bears virtually no similarity to the old Northcentral document. I want to be clear, however, that I am in debt to an unknown author who spared me the inconvenience of having to create my own templates from scratch.
Keywords: writing, template, sixth, edition, APA, format, style, self-discipline
Title of Paper Gets Repeated Here Exactly As It Appears On The First Page
This is where the body of your paper begins. Note that the title of your paper appears at the top of your introduction even though other sections begin with headings like “Method”, “Results” and so on. The rest of the text in this template provides hints about properly generating the parts of your APA-formatted paper. Notice that there is no extra spacing between the paragraphs or sections.
The major components of your paper (abstract, body, references, etc.) each begin on a new page. These components begin with centered headings at the top of the first page. (You can see how major components of text get divided in this freely available sample document: http://www.apastyle.org/manual/related/sample-experiment-paper-1.pdf ). Some papers have multiple studies in them so the body could have multiple sections and subsections within it.
Sections can have subsections with headings. For example, a Method section might have Participants, Materials, and Procedure subsections if there are enough details to explain to warrant such headings. The sixth edition of the APA manual, unlike earlier editions, tells you to bold some headings. Below are examples.
Heading Level 1
Heading Level 2
Heading level 3. (Note the indent and period, and note how the capitalization works. You will probably never go deeper than the third heading level.)
Heading level 4.
Heading level 5.
Citations and References
Check your assigned reading materials for rules about citations (which occur within the text of the paper) and references (which are listed in their own separate section at the end of the paper). Remember that you can find a lot of answers to formatting questions with a careful search. When you’re looking at information online, check the source, and consider whether the information might refer to an older edition of APA format. When in doubt, follow the latest edition of the APA manual.
About a References Section
An example of a References section is on the next page. Take note of the “hanging indent” style and double-spacing (with no extra spacing between references). The easiest way to create hanging indents is to type your references without worrying about indentation and when you are finished, select all the references at once and apply the hanging indents with your word processor.
Many APA format rules are not mentioned or demonstrated in this document. You should plan to spend a lot of time looking up formatting rules (http://www.apastyle.org/ is helpful). If APA formatting is driving you crazy and you want a distraction, how about alleviating people’s suffering with a simple click? Check out The Hunger Site (http://www.thehungersite.com/).
References
Ajournalarticle, R. H., Spud, P. T., & Psychologist, R. M. (2016). Title of journal article goes here. Journal of Research in Personality, 22, 236-252. doi:10.1016/0032-026X.56.6.895*
B’Onlinesourcesareconfusing, S. O. (2010). Search for answers at apastyle.org and include issue numbers after volume numbers when there is no DOI. Journal of Articles Without Digital Object Identifiers, 127 (3), 816-826.
Cmagazinearticle, B. E. (2009, July). Note the last names on this page: Each source type has to be formatted in a different way. [Special issue]. Prose Magazine, 126 (5), 96-134.
Dbookreference, S. M., Orman, T. P., & Carey, R. (1967). Google scholar’s “cite” feature is usually accurate and time-saving. New York, NY: Pearson.
O’encyclopedia, S. E. (1993). Words. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (vol. 38, pp. 745-758). Chicago, IL: Penguin.
Pchapter, P. R., & Inaneditedvolume, J. C. (2001). Scientific research papers provide evidence of frustration with giant style manuals. In P. Z. Wildlifeconservation, R. Dawkins, & J. H. Dennett (Eds.), Research papers are hard work but boy are they good for you (pp. 123-256). New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Qosenberg, Morris. (1994, September 11). This is how you cite an online news article that has an author. The Washington Post. Retrieved from http://www.washingtonpost.com/dir/subdir/2014/05/11/a-d9-11e3_story.html
* On p. 189, the 6th ed. manual says “We recommend that when DOIs are available, you include them”—so you can skip the DOI if you can’t find it. Footnotes like this aren’t appropriate in a real references section.
Footnotes
1 Some professional journals ask authors to avoid using footnotes. In an undergraduate paper they are almost never necessary.
Table 1
Correlations Among and Descriptive Statistics For Key Study Variables
Variables
M (SD)
Sex
Age
Income
Educ.
Relig.
Dist. Intol.
Sex
1.53 (.50)
.07
-.09
.02
.14
.06
Age
31.88 (10.29)
.08
.19*
.20*
.01
Income
2.60 (1.57)
.04
-.14
-.09
Educ.
3.44 (1.06)
-.29*
-.06
Relig.
1.21 (.30)
-.19*
Dist. Intol.
3.75 (1.19)
Notes. N’s range from 107 to 109 due to occasional missing data. For sex, 0 = male, 1 = female. Educ. = education. Dist. Intol. = distress intolerance. Relig. = religiosity.
* p < .05.
Alcohol Consumption
Frugality
Amount that Gets Spent on Alcohol
Figure 1. This simple path model, adapted from results in a Journal of Consumer Behaviour paper, is an example of a figure. The figure appears on the last page (although in the rare case that you have an appendix, the appendix would follow the figure).